Stroke workup
Overview
A stroke is considered a medical emergency that arises when the blood supply to a specific region of the brain is obstructed or reduced. The interruption deprives brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients, leading to cell death. Haemorrhagic stroke refers to a type of stroke caused by the rupture or leakage of a blood vessel in the brain, resulting in intracranial bleeding. The accumulation of blood increases intracranial pressure and can cause significant damage to brain cells.
Stroke workup Services Offered:
- Difficulty speaking
- Paralysis in the face, leg or arm
- Vision problems affecting one or both eyes
- Headaches
- Difficulty walking
Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE)
A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is a non-invasive and painless ultrasound procedure used to evaluate the heart’s structure, function, and blood flow. This technique utilizes high-frequency sound waves to generate detailed images of the heart. TTE assesses cardiac health by examining the heart’s valves, pumping efficiency, blood flow velocity, and the size and shape of the heart’s chambers.Transoesophageal echocardiography
A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is an ultrasound procedure that utilises high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the heart and upper aorta. During TEE, a flexible, narrow, lighted tube (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth and advanced into the oesophagus to obtain detailed internal images. This diagnostic tool is used to identify conditions such as valve disease, intracardiac clots, tumours, and infections.Bubble test
A bubble study, conducted during an echocardiogram, provides detailed information about intracardiac blood flow. This procedure is typically performed in patients who have experienced a sudden, unexplained stroke. The findings can help identify the underlying cause and inform subsequent treatment decisions.PFO closure
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure involves the use of a medical device to seal the opening between the heart’s two upper chambers. This procedure addresses a congenital opening that typically closes naturally at birth.ASD closure
An atrial septal defect (ASD), or hole in the heart, is a congenital cardiac abnormality that can be treated using minimally invasive, catheter-based techniques to seal the defect. This procedure is referred to as ASD closure.There should never be a 3-minute consult.
1. Do you always need surgery for an atrial septal defect?
Surgical intervention is not always necessary, as small atrial septal defects may close spontaneously. Larger defects typically require treatment with catheter-based procedures or open-heart surgery.
2. Is a bubble test considered dangerous?
A bubble test, also known as a contrast echocardiogram, is generally regarded as a safe and painless diagnostic procedure.
3. How long does a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) take?
The procedure typically lasts between 30 and 60 minutes, depending on individual patient factors.